Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-160/2/a/ii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 160 2 a ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
Let . Since , reindex the alternating sum defining by . This preserves all permutation-character terms and reverses every sign of a permutation, because . Hence .
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