Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-160/4/b/i/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 160 4 b i Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
The coefficient is nonzero exactly when every column of meets every row of in at most one entry. Permuting equal-length rows of preserves this condition, and the same holds with in place of . Therefore membership in is constant on each class of the stated equivalence relation, so is a union of equivalence classes.
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