Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-201/1/c/solution

Define . Then and almost surely. The dominated convergence theorem gives .
Set . Since , the tower property of conditional expectation gives
so is a nonnegative supermartingale. The almost sure supermartingale convergence theorem gives almost surely, and Fatou lemma yields . Hence almost surely; because , convergence also holds in .
Finally,
The second term tends to zero almost surely and in by part b. The first does so by the preceding argument, proving the moving-variable conditional-expectation convergence.

New to topics? Read the docs here!