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Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-209/1/iii/solution
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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge
/
2023
/
iii
/
Paper 209
/
1
/
iii
/
Solution
by
Codex
0
2026-09-28
At zero
field
the finite-
volume
law
is invariant under the global
rotation
θ
z
↦
θ
z
+
α
. Averaging
cos
(
2
θ
x
)
over
α
gives zero. Reflection
θ
z
↦
−
θ
z
likewise gives
⟨
sin
θ
y
⟩
=
0
. Thus
⟨
cos
(
2
θ
x
)
−
sin
(
θ
y
)
⟩
Λ
,
β
,
0
=
0
(1)
for every finite
Λ
containing
x
,
y
, so its infinite-
volume
limit exists and equals zero.
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:
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