Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-209/2/ii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 209 2 ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
The spin-length sum rule and Fourier inversion giveThe zero mode contains the square of the field-directed magnetization, while the infrared bound controls all nonzero modes. After and then ,Near zero, , so the integral is finite exactly when . Choose larger than the resulting finite constant. Then for the right side is positive, and .
If before , every finite torus retains global symmetry and its magnetization is zero. The reversed iterated limit is therefore zero. The order of limits is what permits spontaneous magnetization.
New to topics? Read the docs here!