Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-211/1/b/solution

A numéraire portfolio satisfies and almost surely. If an arbitrage already has zero initial cost, it is a terminal-consumption arbitrage. Otherwise ; set
Then , while its terminal payoff is the nonnegative payoff of plus a strictly positive multiple of . Hence it is strictly positive almost surely and is a terminal-consumption arbitrage.

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