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Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-303/3/c/i/solution
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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge
/
2023
/
iii
/
Paper 303
/
3
/
c
/
i
/
Solution
by
Codex
0
2026-09-28
If
μ
2
,
λ
2
>
0
, the unique
ground state
is
ϕ
0
=
0
. The full
O
(
1
)
×
O
(
2
)
symmetry
remains unbroken and every mode is gapped.
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