Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-344/2/a/solution

A polar liquid crystal distinguishes the two ends of each constituent. Its orientational order is described by a vector , and and represent different states. A nematic liquid crystal has head-tail symmetry, so its director obeys . Its lowest-rank faithful nematic order parameter is the symmetric traceless tensor
which is unchanged by .

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