 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2024/iii/paper-302/4/a/iv/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

A_{ij} = ⟨ α_{i}, α_{j}^{\lor} ⟩ = 2 (α_{i}, α_{j}) / (α_{j}, α_{j})

. It determines their relative lengths and angles.

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