Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/ib/paper-2/11f/a/solution

A topological surface is a Hausdorff second-countable space locally homeomorphic to . Pairing opposite sides of the hexagon gives neighborhoods modelled on discs, including at edge and vertex classes; compactness follows from the compact polygon quotient. Cutting and rearranging the polygon gives the usual opposite-side square, hence a torus.
The full double cone is not a surface at the origin: deleting the vertex from a small neighborhood leaves two components, unlike a punctured disc. The upper cone with excludes that vertex and has ordinary annular charts, so it is a surface.

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