Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/ii/paper-2/34d/a/solution

A Hamiltonian system on a -dimensional symplectic manifold is completely integrable when it has first integrals whose differentials are independent on the regular set and which are in involution:
The Arnold--Liouville theorem states that every compact connected regular common level set of these integrals is an -torus. In a neighbourhood of it there are action--angle coordinates in which
and Hamilton's equations become
Thus the motion on each invariant torus is linear in the angles.

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