Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/ii/paper-4/4f/c/solution

Let
Both are regular grammars and their variable sets are disjoint. Their ordinary concatenation grammar adds a new rule
This rule has two variables on its right-hand side, so it is not right-linear. Thus this is an explicit instance in which the concatenation grammar need not be regular.

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