Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-130/3/b/solution

Rado's theorem states that a rational matrix is partition regular if and only if it has the columns property. By hypothesis each is partition regular, so choose a columns partition for each one. Form the block-diagonal matrix
Taking at stage the union of the th blocks from the individual partitions, with empty blocks added after a partition ends, gives the columns property for : each row block sees exactly the corresponding dependence for its . Hence is partition regular by Rado's theorem. A monochromatic vector
in the kernel of satisfies for every , and all entries of all the have the same color.
Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.

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