Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-130/4/c/solution

Put and, for , define
The shift is an isometry acting transitively on the finite set , so is a cyclic transitive point set and hence a Euclidean Ramsey set by the Kriz theorem for cyclic transitive point sets.
For every ,
For , these squared distances are respectively
Consequently , in that order, have consecutive side lengths and equal diagonals . This is an isometric copy of the required isosceles trapezium. Since every monochromatic copy of contains this four-point subset, the trapezium is Euclidean Ramsey.
Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.

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