Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-209/2/a4/solution

On , additionally require every site of to be open and every site of to be closed. The open ring joins every component of to the origin component, and the closed outer ring makes that component finite. It contains at least sites. These ring states are independent of , and their probability is
Since both ring sizes are linear in , this is at least . Multiplication by proves the claimed lower bound.

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