Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-209/3/d/solution

Couple the free-boundary random-cluster heat-bath chains in and . Restricted to common edges, the larger box has extra possible open paths through its outer annulus. These can only turn a disconnected-endpoint update into a connected-endpoint update and raise its open probability from to . The monotone coupling therefore gives
on common increasing events. Consequently is nondecreasing and, being bounded by one, has a limit.

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