Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-301/4/d/solution

On shell, the contact vertex is . At a cubic vertex with two external on-shell legs and internal momentum , the rule reduces to . The propagator cancels one such factor, so the three exchange diagrams sum to
For equal-mass two-to-two scattering, , and the exchange sum is . It cancels the contact diagram exactly. Thus the connected on-shell amplitude vanishes, as required by the equivalence theorem for field redefinitions: an invertible local field redefinition cannot turn a free theory into a physically interacting one.

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