Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-303/2/b/iii/solution

If , the action has the exact discrete symmetry . Integrating out modes and rescaling preserve this symmetry, so no odd operator such as can be generated from the even quartic coupling. Thus corrects at no order in perturbation theory: the hypersurface is invariant under the renormalization-group flow.

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