Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-303/3/b/ii/solution

Choose the vacuum . The quadratic free energy contains a positive mass term for the radial field but no mass term for any transverse field :
Thus the momentum-space correlation function is . Since a massive correlator has denominator , these Goldstone modes have and hence infinite correlation length.

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