Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-343/4/c/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 343 4 c Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The original symmetry flips every -basis bit, , without changing any domain wall. Hencewith the present normalization. On the dual side, periodic domain walls obeyso the original global symmetry becomes a constraint on the dual symmetry sector.
Periodic versus antiperiodic boundary conditions determine whether the product of dual domain walls is or . Conversely, the original even and odd sectors correspond to choices of dual boundary twist. Keeping all sectors therefore requires summing over both symmetry charges and both boundary conditions; within each matched sector the intertwiner is invertible up to normalization.
If an operator is symmetric, , it descends consistently to a dual operator satisfying . If it is nonsymmetric, it changes the global charge and cannot be represented by a local operator within one fixed dual boundary sector; its dual either changes the twist, acquires a disorder string, or is annihilated by the projected intertwiner.
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