 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ia/paper-3/10a/e/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

S'

has the same bottom boundary and induced orientation, so Stokes’ theorem makes the answer independent of its shape:

- 3 π a^{4} /2

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