Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ib/paper-3/8h/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 ib Paper 3 8H Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The communicating classes are and ; only the latter is closed. Let , with and . The first-step equations give , , and , hence .
New to topics? Read the docs here!