Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-1/10e/a/solution

The quantum no-signalling principle says Alice's uncommunicated local choice cannot alter Bob's reduced state. Expanding the two tensor products cancels the cross terms and gives
Alice obtains either result with probability ; conditionally Bob has probability or of , respectively. Averaging,
independent of , exactly as no-signalling requires.

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