Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-2/11i/b/solution

Homotopy invariance of winding number states that a homotopy through closed paths in preserves winding number. Uniform continuity divides the interval so successive paths differ pointwise by less than the minimum modulus of the earlier path; the supplied perturbation lemma makes their winding numbers equal. Chaining the subdivisions proves the result.

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