Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-2/22i/d/solution

Hermitian means , unitary , and normal . If for unit , then and each term is real, so . For self-adjoint , a spectral value that is not approximate would make bounded below; its closed range has orthogonal complement , hence is onto, contradicting spectrality.

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