Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-3/15e/d/solution

After local phases, take . Alice measures with Kraus operators and , which satisfy . Outcome 1 directly gives . Outcome 2 gives ; Alice tells Bob the outcome and both apply , swapping the two coefficients. Thus the conversion succeeds with certainty, in agreement with Nielsen majorization.

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