Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-3/31b/c/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 ii Paper 3 31B c Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For and extended variable , the centre manifold has higher-order terms. Hence , the transcritical normal form: and exchange stability at .
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