 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ii/paper-4/40b/c/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

B \geq 0

and

ρ (B) < 1

, then

(I - B)^{- 1} = \sum_{k \geq 0} B^{k}

, an entrywise nonnegative limit.

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