Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/iii/paper-212/1/a/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 212 1 a Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
In bond percolation on the square lattice, exactly one of the following occurs in the rectangle: an open left-to-right primal crossing, or a closed top-to-bottom crossing in the planar dual graph. These alternatives are disjoint and exhaustive by planar duality for rectangle crossings.
At , the closed dual edges have the same law as open primal edges. Rotating the dual rectangle through a right angle identifies its top-to-bottom crossing with the original left-to-right crossing; the slight difference between the side lengths and is exactly the boundary shift introduced by dualization. Thus the event and its complement have equal probability, so
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