Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2021/prelims/mathematics-i/5/b/ii/solution

Suppose . Using only associativity and the given right identity element property,
Thus is an idempotent element of a semigroup. By i it equals , proving
No left identity element or cancellation law is needed for this deduction.

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