Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2002/paper-2/3/solution

Use spherical polar coordinates with measured from the positive axis and around that axis:
The standard full-space ranges are , , . The factor is the absolute Jacobian determinant and gives the volume element.

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