Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/paper-1/12/b/ii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 1 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge 2009 Paper 1 12 b ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-20
A forced plain choice occurs exactly when the last chocolate is taken before the final Fellow is served: if it is taken by choice , choice has no chocolate available, whatever that person's preference would have been. Exhaustion precisely on choice forces nobody. The distinct possible exhaustion times are disjoint events, henceEquivalently, imagine independent preferred choices even after stock is exhausted. The event is that at least preferred chocolate choices occur among the first people, so the binomial distribution gives . The success-count and waiting-time duality explains equality of these two sums. Plain-biscuit depletion cannot interfere because .
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