Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-1/11/a/ii/solution

The inner power takes the values . For each such real exponent, all values of the outer complex exponentiation are obtained from all complex logarithm values of its base :
Writing , the answer is
All values lie on the unit circle. The principal choice is , giving . In particular the two nestings in parts (i) and (ii) are different: complex exponentiation is not associative.

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