Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2024/paper-2/14/b/i/solution

Let be the finish-time offset from the start of its displayed minute. The elapsed time is , so . To obtain the stated density, use the intended model that and are independent random variables, both with the uniform distribution on .
Their joint probability density function is one on the unit square. Equivalently, the convolution of probability densities gives
The integrand is one exactly where and . The overlap has length for , length for , and zero otherwise. Therefore
This is a symmetric triangular distribution. The independence and finish-time uniformity are additional modelling assumptions: the two truncated clock readings alone do not imply them. For example, if then the elapsed time is exactly twenty-five minutes and , even though each endpoint offset is individually uniform.

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