Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/paper-2/4/iii/solution

For , use . The interval traverses once counterclockwise, , and . Thus
Put . The two simple poles are
Their moduli are and , so exactly is enclosed, for either sign of . Its residue is
The residue theorem yields
This also follows from the reciprocal affine sine integral after an angular shift. At , the original integral is directly , agreeing with the boxed formula. The displayed two-pole formulas require : at zero the contour integrand reduces to with a single pole. Thus the source's claim of two simple poles has this removable special-case exception.

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