Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2017/paper-2/9/c/solution

Squaring with the product law gives
Equality to the identity matrix requires in . Since 2 has a multiplicative inverse modulo 5, this forces . The middle condition then gives , hence . Therefore
This agrees with Lagrange's theorem: a group of odd order has no element of order two.
The subset specified by is not a subgroup. It omits the identity element. It also fails closure: both and lie in it, but their product is , whose coordinate is zero.

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