Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/paper-1/7/c/solution

For the first function, the complex exponential has no zeros, while the denominator has three distinct simple zeros. Thus there are . To examine infinity, substitute :
The factor has an essential singularity at zero, and multiplication by a nonzero finite-order factor cannot remove it. Therefore of the first function.
For the second function, has simple zeros at . At zero, its Taylor series gives
so . Every other is a double pole, since the numerator is nonzero there. There are no finite zeros, including after removal at zero.
At infinity the double poles accumulate. Equivalently, after , the function has double poles at tending to zero. Hence . The removable/pole/essential trichotomy for isolated singularities does not apply there; calling this an isolated essential singularity would be incorrect.

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