Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-model-theory-and-godel-s-incompleteness-theorems-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2008/b/5/iv/solution
Past exam of the model theory and Gödel's incompleteness theorems course of the University of Oxford 2008 B 5 iv Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Expand the ring first-order language by a new constant and considerEvery finite subset is satisfiable in the integer ring itself. Only finitely many divisibility conditions occur; interpret as a nonzero common multiple of their positive integer indices, using if none occur. All first-order sentences from are automatically true there.
Compactness theorem therefore gives a first-order model. Its reduct to the original ring first-order language satisfies the complete theory of , so . Its element is nonzero and divisible by every positive standard integer. ThusSuch an element cannot be an ordinary nonzero integer, since an integer of absolute value less than cannot be a nonzero multiple of . The statement concerns each standard integer index separately; it does not assert divisibility by every internally nonzero element of .
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