Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-model-theory-and-godel-s-incompleteness-theorems-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/a/3/c/solution
Past exam of the model theory and Gödel's incompleteness theorems course of the University of Oxford 2009 A 3 c Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
GL has all classical propositional tautologies, the normal distribution axiom and the Löb axiom , closed under uniform substitution, modus ponens and necessitation of theorems. We use its derived positive-introspection theorem , normal boxed reasoning, and the boxed replacement principle supplied in the question.
For completeness, positive introspection follows from these axioms. Put . Distribution gives , so propositional logic proves . Necessitate and distribute to get ; Löb's axiom gives , and boxing finishes .
For a GL fixed point by truth substitution, set , and . From the tautology , boxed reasoning gives . The supplied replacement principle and distribution then giveSince is itself boxed, positive introspection gives , and hence .
For the reverse direction, the displayed implication entails the theorem . Necessitate it and distribute to obtain . Since is boxed, holds. The Löb axiom therefore yields , and the same displayed implication then yields . ConsequentlyAll occurrences of the unknown letter have been removed from by substitution of truth; any other parameter letters remain available. The proof does not assume the invalid reflection principle as an unconditional axiom.
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