 Solution

This is the first printed “(vi)”, concerning adhesion. The reversible work per unit area to separate the solid–liquid interface into solid–vapor and liquid–vapor interfaces isSubstitute ${\gamma }_{SV}-{\gamma }_{SL}={\gamma }_{LV}\cos {\theta }_C$ from Young's equation:This is the Young-Dupré equation. It has units $\mathrm{J}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$, equivalent to $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$. The liquid–vapor tension is the multiplier; the abbreviated printed subscript does not denote a new interface. Within this equilibrium model, smaller water contact angle means larger reversible work of adhesion for fixed liquid–vapor tension.