Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mphil-in-micro-and-nanotechnology-enterprise-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-2/section-b/23/ii/solution

The microscopic pair potential falls as , whereas integrating over two half-spaces gives an interaction energy per area . The plate attraction therefore decays much more slowly with distance because many pairs contribute. The quantities have different dimensions, so the shared sketch uses separately normalized energies at a reference separation rather than pretending that joules and joules per square metre are directly comparable.
The attractive pressure is
At and the supplied effective ,
The minus sign denotes decreasing separation. A total force cannot be calculated without the interacting area: for area in square metres, . This uses the supplied nonretarded half-space model; finite film thickness, geometry and retardation at larger distances can change it.
Figure 1.
Normalized Hamaker distance laws and illustrative salt-dependent DLVO barriers
. Original analytic models. Microscopic energy and plate energy per area are normalized separately. DLVO examples hold an explicitly chosen repulsive amplitude fixed while changing screening length; they are not fits to a specified surface chemistry. Details.

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