Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2010/c/c2/iv/solution
Past exam of the options II course of the University of Oxford 2010 C C2 iv Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Let be the sum of the nonzero quadratic residues. Each has two square roots by part (iii), sowhere part (ii) applies because makes not divide . Since is invertible modulo , .
The sum of all nonzero classes is . Subtracting shows that the sum of quadratic nonresidues is also zero. Consequently both requested sums vanish modulo .
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