Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-particle-and-nuclear-physics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/section-a/3/a/solution

Use the usual Feynman rule convention in which the diagonal quadratic terms of the free Lagrangian, including the physical W boson and Z boson masses, are incorporated into their propagators. Then there are
A line joining two ends is a propagator, not an interaction vertex. Gauge boson self-interactions begin with cubic terms in the Yang-Mills theory Lagrangian. The question's name four families: they include eight gluon colour components and the two charged W bosons .
There is a convention to distinguish here: if a calculation expands around massless free fields, quadratic and terms may be drawn as two-leg mass insertions. Those two insertion types belong to that bookkeeping convention. Similarly, two-point self-energy corrections occur in loop diagrams. Neither is an additional fundamental interaction in the standard physical-mass, tree-level rules used for the count above.

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