Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017/1/b/ii/solution
Past exam of the probability course of the University of Oxford 2017 1 b ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
The two recursions use a synchronous coupling: they receive exactly the same fresh inputs. Subtraction cancels the additive term:The variable is independent of the preceding difference and has expected value . Thus expectation of a product of independent random variables givesBy Markov's inequality, for every ,This proves the requested convergence in probability; in fact the difference has L1 convergence. It is synchronous contraction of a random affine recursion, and the estimate holds for every real .
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