 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-i-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2010/c/1/i/solution

(\frac{a}{p}) = ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ 0, 1, - 1, p ∣ a, a is a nonzero square modulo p, a is not a square modulo p .

It depends only on the residue class of

a

p

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