 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/c/c2/i/solution

For an odd prime

p

(a / p) = 0

p ∣ a

(a / p) = 1

a

p

, and

(a / p) = - 1

otherwise. It depends only on the residue class of

a

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