Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2010/a/a2/3/solution

By the allowed cyclicity theorem, has a generator . Every nonzero element of is a power of , and zero also belongs to . Thus , giving . This is a primitive element argument for finite fields using the multiplicative group, not a claim that the additive group is cyclic.

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