 Solution

In either exterior region of the finite square well, the time-independent Schrödinger equation reduces to ${\psi }^{\prime \prime }=k^2\psi$, since $E<0$. Its general solution is a linear combination of $e^{kx}$ and $e^{-kx}$. On the left, $e^{-kx}$ grows as $x\to -\infty$ and cannot be a square-integrable function, so its coefficient must be zero. On the right, the excluded growing term is $e^{kx}$. Hence the surviving tails are $A{e}^{kx}$ for $x\le -a$ and $D{e}^{-kx}$ for $x\ge a$.

Inside the well, $E+V_0>0$ and the equation becomes ${\psi }^{\prime \prime }=-{\kappa }^2\psi$, whose general solution is $B\cos \kappa x+C\sin \kappa x$. ThusThe coefficients are initially independent; wavefunction matching at a finite potential step imposes the remaining relations. Here the paper's $k$ is the exterior decay constant and $\kappa$ is the interior oscillation constant.