 Solution

Let $a$ be the single entry in the second row of $P$. It lies in $\{2,\dots ,n\}$; the first row is all the other entries in increasing order. Consider the adjacent transposition $\sigma =(a-1,a)$, whose word isThe first $a-1$ entries append in increasing order to the first row. At insertion time $a$, the value $a-1$ bumps $a$ into the second row, creating its only cell. Every later entry appends to the first row. Thus the insertion tableau has second-row entry $a$ and all other entries in the first row, precisely $P$.

The recording tableau also has second-row entry $a$, the time of the unique bump, and all other time labels in increasing first-row order. It too is $P$. Bijectivity of the correspondence therefore givesThis includes $n=2,a=2$. It identifies the actual permutation without needing a general theorem about involutions.

This is RSK of an adjacent transposition.