Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2023/9/c/i/solution

Write . The physically nonnegative branches, omitting , are
On both bifurcation diagrams, draw solid for and dashed for ; draw dashed for and solid for . The coexistence branch is dashed throughout its interior because it is a saddle point. It connects at to at , through two transcritical bifurcations when the branches are continued mathematically beyond the nonnegative quadrant.
Figure 1.
Stable boundary populations and the unstable coexistence threshold
. Original bifurcation diagrams for , . Solid branches are asymptotically stable, dashed branches unstable. The physically admissible coexistence branch joins the grey-only branch at to the red-only branch at . Details.

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